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[1] £±Wigmore on Evidence (3d ed 1940),¡ø194.
[2] Edwin M. Borchard, Convicting the Innocence (1932), at 369-370.
[3] People v. Zackowitz, 254 N.Y. 192 (1930), at 198.
[4] Edward J. Imwinkelreid, Uncharged Misconduct Evidence, 2 vols (West, 2009).
[5] Edward J. Imwinkelreid, ¡ÈUncharged Misconduct¡É, 12 Litigation 25 (1985-1986), at 25.
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[8] ÌçÌÁ°Ãí¡¢88~89ÊÇ¡£
[9] McCormick, On Evidence, 6th ed (Thomson/West, 2006), 315.
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[6] McCormick, On Evidence, 6th ed (Thomson/West, 2006), 311.
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[8] McCormick, supra note 6, 313.
[9] Id., 311¡¥
[10] Id., 316.
[11] Id.
[12] Id.
[13] Rex v. Smith, 11 Cr. App. R. 229, 84 L.J.K.B 2153 (1915).¤³¤Î»ö·ï¤Îµ­Ï¿¤òÆüËܸì¤ÇÆɤळ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¡Ø¼ÂÏ¿ºÛȽ¥·¥ê¡¼¥ºËÅ»¦¡§¥¸¥ç¡¼¥¸¡¦¥¸¥ç¥»¥Õ¡¦¥¹¥ß¥¹»ö·ï¡Ù¡Ê²¢Ê¸¼Ò1981¡Ë¡£
[14] McCormick, supra note 6, 315.
[15] Id., 312-313.
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[17] McCormick, supra note 6, 318.
[18] Id., 318-319.
[19] Id., 317.
[20] Id., 310.
[21] Id., 315¡Ê¶¯Ä´¤Ï°úÍѼԡË.
[22] Id.
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¶¯Å𻦿ͤθ½¾ì¤Ë²£¤¿¤ï¤ëÈï³²¼Ô¤Î¼Ì¿¿¡½¡½¡ÖÈï³²¼Ô¤ÎÇ˲õ¤µ¤ì¤¿´é¡¢Æ¬Éô¤Î½ý¡¢·ìº¯¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢Àã¤Î¾å¤ÎƬ¤Î¼þ°Ï¤Ë»¶¤é¤Ð¤ëÆùÊÒ¤ÈǾ¤Î°ìÉô¡×¡½¡½¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢ÁÊÄɦ¤Ï¡¢½Æ¤ÇƬÉô¤ò·â¤¿¤ì¤¿¤È¤­Èï³²¼Ô¤ÎƬÉô¤¬ÃÏÌ̤˶ᤤ°ÌÃ֤ˤ¢¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¶¯Å𤬽ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¸å¤ËÈï³²¼Ô¤ò»¦³²¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ç»¦¿Í¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤òΩ¾Ú¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפǤ¢¤ë¤È¼çÄ¥¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¥Ú¥ó¥·¥ë¥Ù¥Ë¥¢½£ºÇ¹âºÛȽ½ê¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤³¤Î¼çÄ¥¤òÂऱ¤¿¡£

¡Ö¼Ì¿¿¤¬´¶¾ð¤ò¤«¤­¤¿¤Æ¤ë¤â¤Î(inflammatory)¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ºÛȽ½ê¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤ÎËܼÁŪ¤Ê¾Úµò²ÁÃͤ¬¹âÅ٤Τâ¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¼èÄ´¤Ù¤ëɬÍ×À­¤¬¡¢Ç濳¤ÎÀº¿À¤È¾ð½ï¤ò¤«¤­Í𤹲ÄǽÀ­¤òÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¾å²ó¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÈæ³Ó¹ÍÎÌ(balancing test)¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ä¡Ä³Î¤«¤Ë¡¢¥Ú¥ó¥·¥ë¥Ù¥Ë¥¢½£·Ù»¡¤Î¥Þ¥³¥â¥ó¥º·º»ö¤Ï¸øȽ¤Ç¤½¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤ò¸«¤Æ¡¢Èï³²¼Ô¤¬·â¤¿¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¡¢¤½¤ÎƬÉô¤ÏÃÏÌ̤˶ᤤ¤È¤³¤í¤ÇÃÏÌ̤ÈÊ¿¹Ô¤Î¾õÂÖ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦°Õ¸«¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤¿¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢·º»ö¤Ï¤½¤¦¾Ú¸À¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤½¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤ò¸«¤ëɬÍפϤʤ«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢Èà¤Ï»ö·ï¸å¤Ë¸½¾ì¤Ç»àÂΤȤ½¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ò´Ñ»¡¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¼ÂºÝ¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢¥Þ¥³¥â¥ó¥º·º»ö¤Ï¡¢¤ï¤¶¤ï¤¶¼Ì¿¿¤ò¸«¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¸«¤¿¤³¤È¤ò½Ò¤Ù¡¢¼«¤é¤Î´Ñ»¡¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ°Õ¸«¤ò¸À¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¡×Commonwealth v. Rogers, 401 A.2d 329 (Pa. 1979), at 330.

È¿ÂФˡ¢¤½¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤¬Èï³²¼Ô¤Î¿È¸µ¤ä»à°ø¤òÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¤ÏÈȹÔÂÖÍͤäÈï¹ð¿Í¤Î°Õ¿Þ¤ò¾ÚÌÀ¤¹¤ë¾Úµò¤È¤·¤Æ²ÁÃͤò¤â¤Á¡¢¤½¤Î²ÁÃͤ¬Ç濳¤Î´¶¾ð¤ò¤«¤­¤¿¤Æ¤ÆÍýÀ­Åª¤ÊȽÃǤò˸¤²¤ë´í¸±À­¤è¤ê¤âÂ礭¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾Úµò¤È¤·¤ÆºÎÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£See, e.g., State v. Needs, 591 P.2d 130 (Idaho 1979); State v. Watts, 441 N.W. 2d 395 (Iowa 1989).

Èï³²¼Ô¤ÎÀ¸Á°¤Î¼Ì¿¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢Æ±Íͤξڵò²ÁÃͤȥꥹ¥¯¤ÎÈæ³Ó¹ÍÎ̤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£Èï³²¼Ô¤Î¿È¸µ¤ä¿ÈĹ¤Ê¤É¤Î¿ÈÂÎŪÆÃħ¤ò¾ÚÌÀ¤¹¤ë¾Úµò¤È¤·¤Æ²ÁÃͤ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ÏµöÍƤµ¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢Ç濳¤Î´¶¾ð¤ËÁʤ¨¤ë¤À¤±¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢µöÍƤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£See, e.g., Ricci v. State, P.2d 79 (Nev. 1975); State v. Finch, 975 P.2d 967 (Wash. 1999).

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